Sacred Athena

Reading the Athena Parthenos

Pausanias’s description helps identify the attributes of Athena’s monumental image without making later copies into the original.

The original gold-and-ivory Athena Parthenos does not survive intact. A responsible gallery must distinguish the lost original, ancient copies, later artistic interpretations and contemporary reconstructions.

Pausanias describes the goddess standing in a long garment with the head of Medusa on her breast. He also describes the Victory in her hand, the shield and a serpent beside the spear. These details provide a textual witness to the image as he understood it.

Identifying an attribute is only a first step. A Gorgon ornament can belong to a particular iconographic programme; it should not automatically be assigned one universal symbolic meaning across centuries.

This is a textual object study. No museum photograph is attached to this record until its object identification and image rights have been checked.

Read this artwork's full entry and sources

Explore The Library of Athena for additional research